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Special Thanks!
To Patriot Materials
for supplying our
Combatives Program
with Tactical Assult
System and Tactical
Pistol Holster.
www.PatriotMaterials.com
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Innovative Training for the Modern Battlefield
Welcome to Odyssey Martial Arts.Com an official networking web site of the United States Combative Arts Association, formed in 2002 as a way to coordinate the efforts of teachers and students of the Modern Combatives program being pioneered at the U.S. Army Combatives School and to promote training methods and techniques that build real combative ability.
M.A.C first group of Level 4 certified instructors (2006)
There are a couple of basic tenants of Modern Combatives that are important to understand. The first one is that the winner of the hand-to-hand fight in combat is the one whose buddy shows up first with a gun. This is important thing to remember because it puts combative training in perspective. If you drop an enemy dead at your feet with the Vulcan death touch, and his buddy comes in with a gun, you still lose. As Rex Applegate said in his book Kill or get Killed “Unarmed combat is just what the name implies- a system of fighting intended for use when weapons are not available or when their use is not advisable” Where then does combatives training fit?It must be an integral part of the close quarters fight. Too often “hand-to-hand” is treated as if it were a side note to the actual training. When your weapon malfunctions three feet from the bad guy is no time to start integrating your techniques. Noted Firearms instructor and author Massad Ayoob said it best, “At close range it’s not a shooting contest; it’s a fight.”
With that in mind, the second tenant is that the defining characteristic of a warrior is the willingness to close with the enemy. We do not win wars because we are better at hand-to-hand combat than the enemy, we do however win wars because of the things it takes to be a good hand-to-hand fighter. Any training plan that does not serve to build this fundamental aggressiveness is actually counter productive. Confidence comes from competence. It is not enough to simply tell soldiers to be aggressive; they must have a faith in their abilities built through hard and arduous training and know that they are going to win; so that when that weapon does malfunction three feet from the bad guy, they will instinctively attack.
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| Matt Larsen NCOIC U.S. Army Combatives Program and author of FM 3-25.150 | |
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| Grappling scenes from Beni Hasan, Egypt c. 2000 B. C. E. | | |
| Fighting is as old as mankind. There is evidence of organized fighting systems more than four thousand years ago and almost assuredly men began to organize fighting and training techniques even before then. Given that and the fact that human physiology has not changed appreciably over the last several thousand years, it is not surprising to find evidence, of not only common themes, but also common techniques at diferent times and places. |
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| Hans Tolhoffer, Denmark c.1467 | | |
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| CPT Allan Smith, U.S. Army 1920 | | |
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| SFC Matt Larsen, FM 3-25.150 c. 2002 | | |
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The story of Modern Combatives really begins in 1995. The Commander of the 2nd Ranger Battalion LTC Stan McChrystal ordered a reinvigoration of martial arts training within the battalion. Although there have been many excellent and innovative combatives teachers in the Army over the years, none of them had never been successful at spreading effective combatives training to the average soldier. As the leaders of the battalion began training, it didn’t take long for serious problems with the existing program to surface. There was the feeling among the men that the techniques would not work and that it was a waste of valuable training time.
A committee was formed, headed by SSG Matt Larsen, to develop a program that was more effective. The first step was to examine successful programs from around the world. What was found is that most of them had one thing in common, one underlying reason that the program was successful. Countries with an indigenous national program, Korean Tae-Kwon Do, Japanese Judo, Muay Thai in Thailand, would have much easier time developing an effective combatives program. One exception to this rule is Russia. They are one of the few who take an essentially untrained population, and yet have good success in training their soldiers. |
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| Vasilii Oshchepkov | | The Russian system of SOMBO was developed specifically for the Russian Military by, among others, Vasilii Oshchepkov who studied Judo at the Kodokan. SOMBO combines the techniques of Judo and native Russian martial arts as its foundation. Although technically similar to what had been taught to the U.S. Army during the same time period, it was much more successfully spread throughout the soviet army. The feeling was that the success of SOMBO was linked in its competitive component which provides motivation for soldiers to train. If you can be the best in your platoon, company, battalion, or the Army, there is a reason to strive for excellence. However, the very thing that was the strength of the system also has some distinct problems, not the least of which was that the competitive form has, in the opinion of some, changed the techniques that were emphasized. None the less the Ranger committee tentatively decided that the new system would follow a similar approach. |
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| Helio Gracie | |
Realizing that there were not enough SOMBO instructors available the Rangers began looking for a similar system as a base for their program. Head coach J. Robinson, of the University of Minnesota wrestling program, himself a former Vietnam Era Ranger came out to evaluate the emerging program and gave some valuable advise. Finally, after looking at many different systems, the Rangers sent several men to train at the Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Academy in Torrance California.
The Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as taught at the Gracie Academy fit almost every aspect of the Military’s needs perfectly. It was easy to learn, had a competitive form, and was proven effective within the arena of hand-to-hand fighting. It did however have some problems. One aspect of Jiu-Jitsu was principally designed for one on one arena fighting, and the other, sportive Jiu-Jitsu, had great potential to change the art into something not oriented toward fighting at all. It was decided that by refocusing on combat, these weaknesses could be overcome, and with forethought and by learning the lessons that various complementary systems had to teach, they could actually improve on the base systems.
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With actual combat experience as a guide, the Rangers designed a system with Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as the technical base that was oriented to the needs of the Army. A systematic approach to training emerged, which detailed the techniques that would be taught, and in what order. Rangers would start with the basics of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu ground fighting, and progress into the throws and takedowns of Judo and Wrestling, and the strikes of Boxing and Muay Thai. All of this could combine with marksmanship and contact weapons training from Kali and the western martial arts into a totally integrated system of Close Quarters Combat. Henceforth, yielding Rangers who could transition smoothly between ranges of combat, with or without weapons, individually or as a group.
As the Rangers who were trained in this new system spread throughout the Army, the system spread with them. COL Michael Ferriter who had learned of the system while commanding the 3rd Ranger Battalion later commanded the 11th Infantry Regiment and successfully Integrated it into the POIs of Officer Candidate School, the Infantry Officer Basic Course, and the Infantry Captains Career Course. He, with the help of SFC Troy Thomas and now SFC Matt Larsen laid the foundation for the Army’s train the trainer program.
The program continues to grow. As of January 2002, with the publishing of the new FM3-25.150, written by SFC Larsen, it has become official Army doctrine. |
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| Rorion and Royce Gracie with NCOs from the 2nd Ranger Battalion in 1996 | | |
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| louisiana National Guard learning Ground fighting techniques | |
Any effective martial arts system must have a base that ties all of its techniques together. For example, many Philippine systems use the techniques of stick fighting as their base. Familiarization with the techniques translates into both empty hand and bladed weapon techniques. So the fighter can easily flow between the different types of combat with the same techniques.
Along these same lines, NinJitsu and many Japanese Jiu-Jitsu systems teach stick fighting as an extension of standing grappling techniques. The stick serves more to increase the fighters leverage for the same techniques than as a stand-alone weapon.
In this same way the concept of dominant body position from Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is the base for Modern Combatives. The dominant positions are the spine that connects all of the techniques. A fighter always knows what he is fighting for. Even one class can then produce a better fighter by simply giving him a sense of what his objective is. |
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| Grappling competition in the 3rd Ranger Battalion Championships | |
The reason that the ground grappling technique of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is so advanced is that it is practiced in “free play”. In other words you can actually do it, real-time, against a fully resisting opponent. It is this concept of “free play” that all of the base arts of Modern Combatives have in common. Wrestling, Judo, Boxing, Muay Thai, its easy to see the connection. Each of these however not only exhibits the strength of free play training, but also its weakness. The practitioners of each have allowed their particular arena to become the focus of their training. |
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| Students Boxing at the Ranger Training Brigade | |
By looking for the limitations of each form of free play, we can identify where the artificial boundaries have been placed between the techniques and consciously work to reintegrate them. As a fighter begins to learn how the techniques fit together. The principle factor is range.
The three basic ranges of combat are: projectile weapon range, striking range, and grappling range. As he becomes more competent and confident moving between the ranges, the concepts of controlling the angle and the level are introduced. Soldiers are taught that the fighter who controls the range, angle, and level can dictate what techniques will dominate the fight.
As fighters progress through the system, they learn the language of fighting, understanding what is happening at any time during the fight. This is a prerequisite to understanding fight strategy. To be successful, a fighter must have a strategy. For instance, a boxer has the basic strategy of striking his opponent with his fists until he is rendered unconscious. The basic fight strategy that we teach is: close the distance, gain a dominant position, and finish the fight. As a fighter develops higher-level skills he also gains the ability to use the higher-level strategies that are dependent on those skills.
In real fights people bite, shove their thumb in your eye, grab your testicles and more significantly have friends with weapons who are more than happy to jump in. These things must always be considered during training. You may never know that your enemy is armed until it is too late. You must therefore always assume that he is. Your techniques must always be grounded in these realities.
Just as we teach techniques in order, based on the ease with which they can be learned, we also teach from the simplest scenarios building to the more complex. The difference is only one of degrees. The techniques and strategies for instance that are used for one on one unarmed fighting must teach the principles and body mechanics necessary to learn the higher level techniques required in more difficult scenarios such as armed opponents or multiple enemies. |
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| Just as free play and competition are the heart of developing realistic unarmed skills, so it is with weapons fighting. Weapons fighting to be learned and practiced efficiently can be broken down into two categories, Combat Marksmanship and Contact Weapons. It is important however, just as in unarmed Combatives, to remember that the tendency is to specialize, becoming focused on one aspect of fighting, and drift away from the reality that in actual combat, the range changes very quickly. A fighter who fails to train for that transition will soon find himself ill prepared. Unarmed Fighting, Contact Weapons and Combat Marksmanship are each pieces of the whole and we must purposefully look for the weakness in each training method in order to integrate our techniques. |
| Close Quarters Marksmanship |
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| Jerry Barnhart 10 time USPSA Champion changing mags | |
Much work has been done over the years by the civilian “practical shooting” community. In it we can see both the strengths and weaknesses of a competitive approach to Marksmanship training. First, it has been an almost unmitigated success at producing competent battlefield marksmanship. However, just as in Unarmed Combative Sport, there is a tendency to focus on the game, at the expense of realistic combative ability. Non-tactically sound techniques arise in order to gain a competitive edge.
Practical shooting competitions such as those put on by the International Defensive Pistol Association and the International Practical Shooting Confederation should be combined with scenario driven training that can be done with products such as SIMUNITION™.
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Contact weapons are any weapons that require physical contact with the enemy to be effective. Examples of contact weapons are a club, a fixed bayonet, a knife, etc.
As the use of contact weapons is seldom a soldier’s principle means of defeating an enemy, and considering the wide variety of possible weapons and weapons types, our training must not be focused on specific weapons but on giving soldiers the ability to utilize any weapon effectively.
Weapons are categorized by the type of attack. For example the attack method that would be used with an entrenching tool is virtually the same as any other weapon being utilized in an arcing, swinging type attack. We will therefore train on all such weapons in a similar manner and classify them together. Classifying contact weapons in this way gives us three types of weapons corresponding to the three methods of attack. They are Bludgeoning, Long thrusting and Short thrusting weapons.
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| Crafty Dog Strikes at the Gathering of the Pack | |
Bludgeoning weapons-
Bludgeoning weapons are any weapon that is utilized in a swinging or arcing type of attack. This can include anything from a baseball bat or entrenching tool to a fire place poker. Attacks with enough power to be dangerous can only come in at predictable and classifiable angles of attack. This allows defensive maneuvers and counter attacks to be trained. The training implements are sticks of varying size usually of rattan as it is a vine and is fibrous and therefore does not break as easily as woods, which have a grain to them.
One of the principle means of learning is to spar/fight with just enough padding to avoid injury but not enough to eliminate the pain of impact. The Dog Brothers and others from Kali and the Philippine Martial Arts have pioneered this type of training. Although safety will always force a certain unreality on weapons training, just as in unarmed fighting, we must look for the most realistic methods and then try to understand the limitations of the methods we use. |
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| Marines Bayonet Fencing | |
Long thrusting weapons-
The principle weapon in this category is the rifle with fixed bayonet. Though there is a modern tendency toward shorter and lighter weapons, the fact remains that in most combative engagements soldiers will be armed, and many will begin with your weapon pointed directly at the enemy.
Thrusting attacks can be broken down into four quadrants with the apex being your weapon, just as in fencing. These quadrants correspond with the four primary angles of attack from bludgeoning type weapons. Deflecting thrusting types of attacks is subtler than blocking bludgeoning type attacks but in this way they can be taught as an extension of the other techniques. It must also be remembered that most weapons are capable of both thrusting and bludgeoning type attack for instance a bayonet thrust and then a but stroke. |
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| Commando Training WWII | |
Short Thrusting weapons-
This concerns primarily the use and defense against knives.
Offensively, The most important thing about using a knife is the ability to deploy it when needed so that your enemy cannot use it against you. After that comes making the best use of its design features and striking where it can cause the greatest damage.
An enemy will rarely let you know you are in a knife fight until it is too late. You must therefore assume that any enemy may be armed. An example of how you may train for this is to use a stun gun to represent a bladed weapon. If your enemy is ably to get to his weapon and deploy it….. |
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| SFC Matt Larsen | |
The President of the United States Combative Arts Association, Matt Larsen started training in the martial arts as a young Marine infantryman stationed in Tokyo and latter Okinawa. He continued his training and switched over to the Army serving in the 75th Ranger Regiment for over twelve years including parachuting in to Torrihos/Tacumen airfield during the invasion of Panama and Ranger operations during the Gulf War. Holding black belts in several martial arts, he served as the president of the 1st and later 2nd Ranger Battalion practical shooting clubs, noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) of Combatives training for the second Ranger Battalion and as the program grew the entire 75th Ranger Regiment, the Ranger Training Brigade where he authored FM 3-25.150, and finally for the entire Army. Currently He is the Director of the Modern Army Combatives Program (MACP) and the Commandant of the U. S. Army Combatives School (USACS) at Ft. Benning Georgia. He has literally rewritten the doctrine and revolutionized Combatives training in the U.S. Army. He can be reached at: president@moderncombatives.org |
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| MAJ Hector Morales | |
MAJ Hector Morales started martial arts training at the age of 14 in his native Puerto Rico. His initial training was focused on striking arts such as Tae Kwon Do and Boxing. Later he transitioned to the grappling arena which earned him a scholarship to the University of Puerto Rico's Judo and Wrestling teams under Sensei Hiromi Tomita. MAJ Morales competed in judo and wrestling for four years becoming a Collegiate Champion in both sports. In 1995, MAJ Morales was selected to participate at the renewed Armed Forces Judo Championships were he became the champion for his weight class and earned a spot on the U.S. Armed Forces Team to the 1995 World Military Games. MAJ Morales was selected for the 1999 World Military team and coached the 2003 and 2004 teams. In addition, he was the head coach for the West Point Army Judo Team from 1998-2001, where he also taught boxing and Combatives for two years as a faculty member of the Department of Physical Education, and coached the 2000 USA World University Judo Team at Malaga, Spain. Currently MAJ Morales holds black belts in both Judo and Tae Kwon Do and is the only field grade officer in the U.S. Army to complete the rigorous Level 3 certification course. MAJ Morales is the OIC of the Fort Bliss Combatives team and also the coach of the Fort Bliss Army Judo Team. He can be reached at :
armyjudo6@aol.com |
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| Greg Thompson | |
Greg Thompson is Black Belt directly from Royce Gracie and a Level III Instructor in Modern Army Combatives Program. He is also a certified instructor in Muay Thai under pro boxer and NC Thai boxing Champ Scott Francis he also has a black belt in karate and Tae Kwon Do. He has been working for the Army SF for over five years. After Sept,11,01 he worked as a Federal Defensive Tactics and Air Marshal hand to hand instructor for almost a year in Artesia, New Mexico. Greg is the owner of Team R.O.C. They are known for training some of the top NHB (No Holds Barred) fighter’s on the East Coast they have won fightsin K-1’s Rumble on the Rock, King of the Cage, Hook N Shoot, Tennessee Shooto,Kentucky Fighting Challenge, Elite Vale Tudo, Kaizen Challenge, Gauntlet Trials, Battle Jax, Battle of Seven Hills.
Greg’s other achievement are: 2003 NAGA World Champion Advanced
Division, Triangle Grappling and Gurerros Gauntlet Superfight Champion,
2000 Pan-Ams Silver Medalist,Gracie National 200-210 lbs Champion. He
currently has 4 patents; 3 on restraint systems and 1 on a self-defense device.
919-622-2773 Greg@spiderti.com |
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| John "The Saint" Renken | |
With over sixty five professional mixed martial arts fights, John “The Saint” Renken is one of the most experienced fighters in the world. He has held several titles including; Hook n Shoot Absolute Champion 97, IFC Lightweight Champion 97, Extreme Challenge 14 Tourney Champion 98, SFC Cruiserweight Champion 99, Hook n Shoot Middleweight Champion 2001 and Fightzone Middleweight Champion 2003. He is also a veteran of such prestigious MMA events as Pride, Pancrase and Shooto. He has trained with some of the top fighters and coaches in the world including Eric Paulsen, Yurinaga Nacamura and Carlson Gracie and is a Level 3 Instructor in Modern Army Combatives. He can be reached at: saint@xtremeministries.com |
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| Dave Durnil | |
Dave Durnil is a Level III Instructor of Modern Army Combatives and a purple belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu under Daniel “Montanha” del Lima, head instructor of Gracie Barra Miami. He has been training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu for 9 years. In that time Dave has trained with the likes of Rodrigo Vaghi, Pe de Pano, Marcio Feitosa, Carlos Gracie Jr, and Alexandre Soca. In the summer 2003 he trained in Rio de Janerio at Gracie Barra. He is currently a military programs instructor at Barton County Community College at Ft. Riley Kansas, which offers level I and level II certification as credited college courses. He can be reached at dave.durnil@gmail.com or durnild@bartonccc.edu |
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| Garth Spandiff | |
Garth Spendiff is a Brown Belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, Official Instructor and Association Director under Relson Gracie (8th Degree Red and Black Belt under Helio Gracie ) and Scott Devine (Relson Gracie Black Belt and 3 time Pan-American Champion) and is a Level III Instructor in Modern Army Combatives Program. In 2002, Mr. Spendiff captured the gold medal in the heavy weight division of the Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Pan American Games. Mr. Spendiff’s educational background includes a Bachelors degree in Nutrition and a Masters degree in Exercise Physiology from Georgia Southern University. Garth is also a Certified Strength and Conditioning Coach through the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Garth is an Instructor in the School of Public Health at Georgia Southern University where he teaches courses in exercise physiology, nutrition, and health. Mr. Spendiff also serves as the faculty advisor and instructor to the GSU Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Submission Grappling Club. In addition to his work at the University, Garth owns and directs Coastal Combatives & Sports Conditioning Inc., a company specializing in self-defense instruction, military and law enforcement combatives, and high level sports conditioning. Coastal Combative Inc. currently provides instruction to the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (Glynco, GA), the United States Army (Ft. Stewart, GA), and the general public of the coastal Savannah area. He can be reached at: gspendiff@yahoo.com
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| Phil Cardella | | Phil Cardella started his Martial Arts training at age 12. He first achieved rank in Tae kwon do & Hapkido. Shortly after he started training in Shodo Kan Karate, Akido, Ryku Kenpo, Dillman theory pressure points, Small circle Jiu-Jitsu, Hapkido, Thai boxing, Jeet Kun Do, Kali, and whatever else he could. He started competing while in the Marine Corps. He also met Master Relson Gracie while in the Marines & has been a part of his competition team since 1997. Phil holds numerous certifications including a Brown Belt in Jiu-Jitsu from Relson and is a Level Three instructor in Modern Army Combatives and has an extensive competition record including many Mixed Martial Arts victories. He currently runs Relson Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Association, Austin Texas and can be reached at: phil@austinjj.com |
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| Joe Diamond | |
Joe Diamond is a Gracie Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Black Belt and Certified Instructor under Rickson Gracie, 10 year Official Representative of Rickson Gracie International Jiu-jitsu Association,
a Certified Senior Instructor in Siam Muay Thai under Sakasem Fairtex and a level III instructor in Modern Army Combatives. He has owned and operated Diamond's Martial Arts Acadamy in Philadelphia, PA and Atlantic City Mixed Martial Arts Academy in Atlantic City, NJ since 1992. Joe has also won numerous competitions inluding everything from Mixed Martial Arts to Judo and Jiu-Jitsu. Joe can be reached at: JoeDiamond1386@aol.com |
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Steve VanFleet (Picture Coming Soon!)
King William, Virginia
John Simons III
John Simons III is a Level 4 Modern Army Combatives instructor. He also holds a Black Belt in United Martial Arts Concepts & a Purple Belt in Gracie Jiu-Jitsu by Royce Gracie. John is an official chapter representative of the Royce Gracie Jiu-Jitsu Network & the Close Range Combat Academy Network for Randy Williams in Wing Chun Gung Fu. John is the owner of Odyssey Martial Arts Academy/M.A.C School located in King William, VA. John is the coach of the world renowned youth BJJ & Grappling competition team “Team Odyssey”. John is the recipient of the “Youth Coach Of The Year” Award through the Grapplers Quest.
He is also the head instructor and founder of the King William High School J.R.O.T.C “M.A.C” program. John is pioneering the youth Mixed Martial Arts, BJJ, & Grappling scene on a world wide level and is devoted to building a strong future for the M.A.C program. John is also an editor for Grappling Magazine and founder & writer for the “Youth Spotlight” department.
Contacts:
Phone-1-804-769-2400
E-mail- odysseyumac@aol.com
Website- www.OdysseyMartialArts.Com
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M.A.C.P President Matt Larsen Interview
1) Can you tell us a little about the history of the Army's Modern Combatives program?
The Modern Army Combatives Program (MACP) grew out of the 75th Ranger Regiment. Back in 1995, after realizing that the Army’s old hand-to-hand system was broken, we realized that the key to success was motivating Soldiers to train. Past Army programs had failed at this primarily because they were essentially only a collection of techniques for Soldiers to memorize. The missing component was a way for Soldiers to excel. The most obvious example of this is SOMBO which was created specifically as a competition based system for the Soviet Army. If Soldiers can prove themselves the best in their unit, through competition, they can see a reason for hard training.
Over the course of the last ten years, we have developed a system that draws from various martial arts that uses systematic training, competitions at all levels and scenario based training and are succeeding where every past system has failed.
It should also be noted that MACP is a grass roots program. In other words, it has grown based only on it’s ability to teach Soldiers to fight, and motivate them to train. Soldiers call BS pretty quickly. We have grown from one small unit’s program to the entire Army because Soldiers know it works.
2) How does the program differ from other military hand-to-hand instruction?
Past programs have all taken essentially the same approach as every self defense class their ever was. Imagine what most such classes consist of. A martial arts instructor with years of experience is asked to teach a group to defend themselves, and given six or eight hours to do it. So what do they do? They pick a set of techniques that they think are simple to learn and remember and that are effective in the situations they think are most likely to happen. The problem is that this approach doesn’t work, and if they are candid even the instructors will admit that they don’t think the graduates of this type of program will have any real fighting ability as a result of the training. What are the odds that a Soldier, or a housewife, will even remember the techniques they were taught a year earlier and be able to apply them effectively when they need them?
Our approach is completely different. In the MAC Program, the techniques are actually only teaching tools. The real lessons are not that obvious. For example, the techniques of the first level are picked, among other reasons, because they illuminate the concept of a hierarchy of dominant position from Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Six months or a year after basic training, even if they have forgotten every technique they were taught, just the sense of objective this concept gives them alone will make them a better fighter.
The basic techniques are also each representative of a class of techniques. A Soldier who has trained in the program hasa blue print that more advanced techniques can fit into. If someone knows the rear naked choke can be done from the rear mount, when you show them another choke from the rear mount,
they already understand the technique in context.
There is a lot more to it than just these simple points but you can see that MAC is far from a simple collection of easy to learn techniques.
3) How does BJJ fit into the program?
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is the base art, if you will, of the program. Not only from a technical sense but a tactical sense as well.
What Royce illuminated for all of us in those early UFCs was simply this. If you are engaged in a fight with the average person, their plan to beat you will be to pummel | |